Nervous System: CNS Part II

The human body's Nervous system is composed of three major organs: brain, spinal cord and nerves. These three organs are divided into two systems. The Central Nervous System is composed of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS function is to receive impulses from the body, process the information and respond with an action. This system is divided into four sections: Cerebrum (see Part I), Cerebellum, Diencephalon, and Brain Stem.

The Diencephalon, is located below the cerebrum and houses two of the most important functions of the brain within the Thalamus and Hypothalamus. The thalamus relays impulses from the eyes, ears, and skin. It is also responsible for the perception of pain. The Hypothalamus is responsible for body temperature, appetite, sexual desire, emotions, and sleep. It is also responsible for autonomic (involuntary) nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal system functions. In addition, to the release of hormones from the pituitary gland, which functions include but are not limited to, growth, blood pressure, breast milk production and sex organ function.

The Cerebellum is the second largest portion of the brain. Its responsibility is to assist in coordinating voluntary body movements, maintaining equilibrium and balance.

Lastly, the brain stem is composed of three parts. The Middle Brain function is to act as a bridge for impulses between the brain and spinal cord. The Pons is the bridge the connects the Cerebellum to the rest of the brain. The brain is then connected to the spinal cord by the medulla oblongata. It is these divisions and subdivisions of impulses that make us uniquely human.