MicroscopesBlog: Expert's reviews, news, notes on Microscopes, Centrifuges, Lab Coats, Pipettes, Lab Safety, & more Lab Products!
Tuesday, March 30, 2010
IKA
IKA Works is the leading manufacturer of laboratory devices and processing equipment. These products are manufactured with the researcher in mind, their products will facilitate your workload in the lab and optimize processes, so that you can be ahead of the game. IKA Works if famous for manufacturing products that will mix, crush, heat, distill, and that simulate chemical reaction processes. Mixing devices are their specialty. They have magnetic stirrers with heating plates or without heating plates, multi-position magnetic stirrers with heating or without heating, electronic overhead stirrers, mechanical overhead stirrers, horizontal shakers, orbital shakers, universal disposable disperser systems, mills and grinders, electronic contact thermometers, rotary evaporators, and last but certainly not least the color squid stirrer! the color squid stirrer is now available in new designs to make your work in the lab a little more colorful and lots of fun!Posted by Tammy Watkins at 1:15 AM Read Article 0 comments 

Friday, March 26, 2010
Slime Mold
Slime molds have both fungal and animal characteristics and are classified as protists. Cellular slime molds resemble amoebas at one stage. When conditions are unfavorable for growth, large numbers of amoeboid cells aggregate to form a single structure, a slug. Cyclic AMP produced by come amoebas is the attractant toward which they migrate to form the slug. The slug moves toward light and eventually forms a stalked structure with a spore cap at the top. Under favorable conditions this spore cap differentiates into single amoebalike spores, repeating the cycle. Plasmoidal slime molds are a mass of protoplasm called plasmodium. The entire plasmodium moves like a gian amoeba and engulfs organic debris and bacteria. Cytoplasmic streaming, which distributes oxygen and nutrients, can be observed in these slime molds. Dynalon, ITW, and Regent Medical all supply products used in research involving slime molds.
Tuesday, March 23, 2010
Archaeology and Microscopes
Archaeologists now have endless selections of digital microscopes that will assist them in examining methods of ancient textile production in order to gain insight into an ancient culture that has long passed into the shadows of our time. Although archaeological discoveries have produced findings such as, paintings, mosaics, and vases representing the craft of weaving, as well as the actual implements used in the trade, it is the textiles themselves that bring the most joy to any textile specialist. Clothing and other textiles are of great significance to the survival of human beings. Even in the height of the Roman period textiles enjoyed a key role in society. Everybody, from emperors to slaves wore some form of clothing and used household fabrics for every day purposes. The digital microscope not only magnifies objects to levels that would be unimaginable decades ago, it allows the magnified images of those objects to be saved in digital format, for closer examination, printing, and preserving. The digital microscope ensures that whatever shows up beneath its lens can be interpreted by more than a single pair of eyes, and have a much higher chance of being accurately recorded. Thus being an excellent choice of microscope for the Archaeologist. Some highly recommended digitial microscope brands include, Nikon, VWR Vistavision, Motic, and LOMO.Friday, March 19, 2010
Fungal Disease
A fungal infection is a mycosis. A systemic mycosis occurs deep within the patient in various tissues and organs. Infections usually are transmitted by inhalation and often begin in the lungs. Fungal infections just beneath the skin are subcutaneous mycoses. They usually result from puncture wounds and often form disfiguring subcutaneous abscesses. Dermatophytes are fungi that infect the epidermis, hair, and nails causing cutaneous mycoses. They secrete keratinase, which degrades a protein (keratin) found in hair, skin, and nails. Superficial mycoses are localized along hair shafts and the superficial epidermal cells. Mucormycosis is an opportunistic mycosis caused by Rhizopus and Mucor, primarily in patients with ketoacidosis resulting from diabetes, leukemia, or treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Biohit, Greiner Bio-One, and Microflex all supply products used in fungal disease research.
Tuesday, March 16, 2010
Benchtop Centrifuge
Searching for a benchtop centrifuge can be time consuming as well as frustrating when considering you probably needed it several months ago, right? Some questions to ask yourself prior to ordering. What are you spinning? How fast do you need it to spin? Will you require a refrigerated centrifuge or a non-refrigerated centrifuge? What rotor will you need? a
fixed angle rotor, a swing bucket rotor? A rotor with 4 round buckets for conical tubes or round bottom centrifuge tubes? Then what accessories will you need? An adapter? What size adapter? An aerosol tight lid? what about centrifuge tubes? Because there are many individual applications most centrifuge units DO NOT come as complete units. Remember to ask prior to purchasing a centrifuge if it comes with everything that you are going to need to operate the unit as a whole. Some familiar centrifuge brands are, Eppendorf,
Beckman Coulter, and Thermo Scientific.Monday, March 15, 2010
So You Got a Microscope for Christmas
I hope the microscope hasn't gone the way of so many Christmas presents, under the bed or in the closet. If so here are some ways to wake up the scientist in you. Was it a stereo microscope like the Konus Opal? Well spring is coming, go outside and get a bug or a flower and look at it under stereo microscope magnification. Have you looked at the fine engraving in a dollar bill? Did you know you can find the 13 colonies on a 5 dollar bill? Right over the capitals on the Lincoln Memorial. What is the Roman date at the bottom of the Great Seal on the $1?
Is it still snowing outside? With a compound microscope like the Unico M101 you can take it out and let the snow land on a frozen blank slide. Adjust the mirror first, put the slide on, and look fast before the light melts the snowflake. Has the pond melted yet? take a drop of water from the pond and put it on a slide, top it with a glass coverslip (cover glass) and take a look. Here is a microscope information website for fun and educational stuff to do with your microscope.
Friday, March 12, 2010
Antibiotic Resistance
While I was at the clinic talking about my sinus infection I recommended that the nurse practitioner prescribe me azithromycin. She told me that amoxicillin is more effective because bacteria have started developing resistance to azithromycin. It was at this point when I realized how serious the concept of antibiotic resistance has become. Antibiotic resistance occurs when a microorganism develops the ability to withstand the effects of antiobiotics. This organism can then pass on the gene responsible for resistance to other organisms. These genes are passed while in the plasmid. Bacteria can produce an enzyme called penicillinase which renders penicillin ineffective. It is believed that overprescribing antibiotics is one cause of this resistance. In other words, you should only take antibiotics when absolutely necessary. Bacteria that drugs are unable to control are called superbugs. These superbugs have begun showing up in hospitals and are a major concern at healthcare facilities. Pharmaceutical and biotech companies are reluctant to invest money research to find ways to kill these superbugs because they do not believe there is a significant return on the investment. Dolan-jenner, Kimberly-Clark, and Puritan Medical all supply products used in antibiotic research.
Tuesday, March 09, 2010
Benefits of Using a Non-Contact IR Thermometer
Noncontact (IR) infrared thermometers use infrared technology to quickly and conveniently measure the surface temperature of objects. They provide fast temperature readings without physically touching the object. You simply aim, pull the trigger and read the temperature on the LCD display. Lightweight, compact, and easy-to-use, IR thermometers can safely measure hot, hazardous, or hard-to-reach surfaces without contaminating or damaging the object. Also, infrared thermometers can provide several readings per second, as compared to contact methods where each measurement can take several minutes. IR thermometers capture the invisible infrared energy naturally emitted from all objects. Infrared radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum which includes radio waves, microwaves, visible light, ultraviolet, gamma, and X-rays. Infrared falls between the visible light of the spectrum and radio waves. Infrared wavelengths are usually expressed in microns with the infrared spectrum extending from 0.7 microns to 1000 microns. In practice, the 0.7 to 14 micron band is used for IR temperature measurement. Most infrared thermometers come calibrated and traceable to NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technologies Control Company is a manufacture of IR Thermometers.Monday, March 08, 2010
Dry Ice Sublimation
Dry ice is used commonly as a refrigerant in transporting food and biological materials. Dry Ice is used in the laboratory along with organic solvents to quickly chill samples; it is also used in the condensers of rotary evaporators. Dry ice can be supplied regularly from local welding or refrigeration supply companies. Laboratories which may need an intermittent supply of dry ice can produce it in the lab with dry ice makers; these use liquid a CO2 dip tube(syphon) cylinder. The dry ice machines use the
expansion of the CO2 gas to cool the Carbon Dioxide into dry ice by adiabatic cooling process. When a gas is under pressure and then released to the atmosphere heat is removed from the surroundings, this is how refrigerators and air conditioners work. In general 80% of the gas is used to cool the CO2 and 20% becomes dry ice in a dry ice maker. Bel-Art Scienceware manufactures the Frigimat dry ice maker which makes dry ice blocks and dry ice flakes SCA Thermosafe also produces a dry ice machine which make dry ice blocks.
Friday, March 05, 2010
Tests to Guide Chemotherapy
The Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method is a test that uses antibiotic impregnated circular wafers to test whether or not bacteria is succeptible to a given drug. Bacteria is grown on a plate of agar and the circular wafers are placed throughout the plate. After an incubation period one can see a clear area around the circles. This is known as the zone of inhibition. The diameter of the zone and the rate of diffusion of the antibiotic are used to measure the efficacy of the drug. This helps in determining which antibiotic to use for a given infection. Broth dilution tests can also be used to determine the strength of an antibiotic. In this test an antibiotic is diluted several times in test tubes and each tube is inocculated with bacteria. After incubation they are analyzed for turbidity. The minimum inhibitory concentration or MIC of tghe drug is defined as the lowest concentration that prevents growth. The lethal concentration that actually kills the bacteria is called the minimum bactericidal concentration or MBC. Caltech Industries, Kimberly Clark, and Polyscience Corporation make products used in microbiology labs worldwide.
Thursday, March 04, 2010
Interpupillary Distance and Microscopy
The center to center distance between the pupils of your eyes when focussed at normal reading distance (approximately 16 inches or 40 millimeters) describes your interpupillary distance or IPD. In microscopy, this physical attribute must be accomodated to realize the greatest image potential when using a microscope fitted with a binocular (or trinocular) head. There are two critical issues that need to be understood. First, there is a significant difference in IPD between individuals. Variances can typically range from 45-75 millimeters and about 95% of the population has been noted to fall in the 55-72 millimeter range. A microscope head must adjust for these anatomical differences so that there is coincidence between the images formed by the right eye and the left eye. This is exactly the same issue that must be addressed when one is being fitted for eyeglasses. If this condition is not met, not only are the images unclear if visible at all, but nausea to varying degress is experienced as the eyes try to accomodate for this disparity. Long term microscope use under these circumstances becomes difficult if not impossible. Additionally, if the microscope is used to make quantitative measurements, differences in IPD must be compensated for in order for the results to be both reliable and reproducible. This is easily accomplished with a Seidentopf type head, because the IPD adjusment is accomplished without changing the image path length and thus the magnification (i.e. artifact size) of the sample being examined. A well designed, well built modern microscope will almost certainly employ the Seidentopf design. NIKON, UNICO and KONUS all offer binocular and trinocular microscopes that incorporate Seidentopf viewing heads.Tuesday, March 02, 2010
Safety Wear
There are many forms of Safety Wear and Safety Apparel for many different types of safety situations, ear protection such as earmuffs and earplugs for noise reduction, N95 disposable respirators for sanding and woodworking, reusable respirators for applying toxic products such as paint or pesticides, hard hats for construction and warehouse areas, welding helmets and welding goggles for eye protection, safety goggles and safety eyewear for general eye protection, and laboratory Safety products for protection from blood, and chemicals. There are many different industries that require specific safety wear in order to operate their businesses and meet ANSI and NIOSH protection standards. Some examples are, Airports, Construction sites, Warehouses, Laboratories, Research facilities, Hospitals, and Family residences. You can find a use for safety wear in almost all places we work in. Some of the familiar brands of safety wear and safety products are, Sperian, Pyramex, North Safety Products, Bacou-Dalloz, Moldex, White Swan, and Howard Leight.Monday, March 01, 2010
CGA Gas Regulator
A gas regulator is necessary to deliver gas from a gas cylinder.
Regulators are available as single stage or two stage. A single stage regulator is sufficient if changes in outlet pressure as the gas cylinder empties may be tolerated. A two stage regulator maintains outlet pressure regardless of the cylinder pressure. Some regulators are designed for high purity gases. Applications include but are not limited to: Gas chromatography, research sampling systems, laser gas systems, and emission monitoring systems.
Regulators are available as single stage or two stage. A single stage regulator is sufficient if changes in outlet pressure as the gas cylinder empties may be tolerated. A two stage regulator maintains outlet pressure regardless of the cylinder pressure. Some regulators are designed for high purity gases. Applications include but are not limited to: Gas chromatography, research sampling systems, laser gas systems, and emission monitoring systems.
CGA stands for Compressed Gas Association. This Association develops industry standards for handling compressed gases. CGA fittings are specific to types of gases: CGA 510 for fuel
gases such as Acetylene or Butane; CGA 580 for non-oxidizing gases such as Nitrogen or Argon; and CGA 330 for reactive gases such as Hydrogen Sulfide and Methyl Bromide. A good reference for CGA Standards is Concoa.
gases such as Acetylene or Butane; CGA 580 for non-oxidizing gases such as Nitrogen or Argon; and CGA 330 for reactive gases such as Hydrogen Sulfide and Methyl Bromide. A good reference for CGA Standards is Concoa.Fittings necessary for handling compressed gas other than CGA valves include but are not limited to: switchover manifolds for switching cylinders, in line regulators, and point of use regulators
